S

Schedule

Xem Scheduler

Scheduler

A scheduler in software is a system component that manages and controls the execution of tasks, processes, or jobs based on predefined rules and timing. It determines which task runs, when it runs, and for how long.

Scheduler

🔹 Types of Schedulers in Software

1️⃣ CPU Scheduler (Process Scheduler) 🖥️

✔ Found in operating systems, it decides which process gets CPU time. ✔ Uses scheduling algorithms like FCFS, Round Robin, Priority Scheduling. 📌 Example: Windows Task Manager schedules processes efficiently.

2️⃣ Job Scheduler 📅

✔ Handles scheduled batch jobs, reports, and automated workflows. ✔ Used in enterprise IT systems, cloud platforms, and databases. 📌 Example: Cron Jobs in Linux, Windows Task Scheduler, Jenkins for CI/CD.

3️⃣ Task Scheduler 📋

✔ Manages background tasks within applications. ✔ Often used for automated backups, email notifications, and recurring tasks. 📌 Example: A task scheduler in a web app sends daily reports at midnight.

4️⃣ Database Query Scheduler 📊

✔ Optimizes query execution time by scheduling database operations efficiently. 📌 Example: MySQL event scheduler runs stored procedures at scheduled times.

5️⃣ Cloud & Container Orchestration Scheduler ☁️

✔ Schedules cloud-based workloads, container deployments, and microservices. 📌 Example: Kubernetes Scheduler assigns pods to nodes.

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🔹 Why is Scheduling Important?

✔ Efficiency: Ensures optimal use of system resources (CPU, memory). ✔ Automation: Reduces manual intervention in running repetitive tasks. ✔ Performance: Prevents overload and improves system responsiveness. ✔ Scalability: Helps manage tasks across distributed systems.

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🔹 Key Takeaways

🔹 A scheduler manages task execution in software & systems. 🔹 Used in OS, cloud computing, databases, automation, and DevOps. 🔹 It ensures efficiency, automation, and resource management.

Scope

Scope refers to the boundaries or limits within which something is defined, accessed, or applicable. It is widely used in software development, project management, and security.

Soft-delete

Soft deletion is a technique used in databases and applications in which data is not permanently deleted but marked as "inactive" or "deleted." This allows for data recovery and maintains historical records.

Soft-delete

🔹 How does soft delete work?

1️⃣ Instead of deleting a record, a "deleted" flag (e.g., is_deleted = TRUE) is set. 2️⃣ The data remains in the database but is hidden from normal queries. 3️⃣ If needed, the record can be restored by changing the flag.

📌 Example (SQL Soft-Delete)

sqlCopyEditUPDATE users 
SET is_deleted = TRUE 
WHERE user_id = 123;

Instead of deleting the row, it marks it as deleted.

📌 Restoring a Soft-Deleted Record

sqlCopyEditUPDATE users 
SET is_deleted = FALSE 
WHERE user_id = 123;

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🔹 Soft-Delete vs. Hard-Delete

Feature	Soft-Delete	Hard-Delete
Data Recovery	✅ Possible	❌ Not possible
Performance Impact	🚨 Can slow queries (more filtering)	⚡ Faster deletion
Storage Usage	📈 More space required	✅ Less space used
Audit & History	✅ Retains history	❌ No record remains

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🔹 When to use soft delete

✔ When data recovery is needed (e.g., user accounts, transactions). ✔ For auditing and logging (e.g., keeping a history of deleted records). ✔ To prevent accidental data loss in applications.

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🔹 When to Use Hard-Delete?

✔ When storage is a concern and data is no longer needed. ✔ For compliance reasons where data must be completely removed. ✔ For temporary data that does not need recovery.

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🔹 Soft-Delete in Frameworks

• Django ORM: soft_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)

• Laravel Eloquent: use SoftDeletes;

• MongoDB: { "is_deleted": true }

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🔹 Key Takeaways

🔹 Soft-delete marks data as deleted instead of removing it. 🔹 Allows recovery and auditing and prevents data loss. 🔹 Used in databases, SaaS applications, and enterprise systems.

Service

In software, a service is a self-contained unit of functionality that performs specific tasks and can run independently or as part of a more extensive system. Services are commonly used in operating systems, web applications, cloud computing, and microservices architectures.

JFW supports 11 services, such as Identity, CDN, Security, Billing, Payment, ...

Statement

In project management, a statement refers to a formal document or declaration that defines key aspects of a project, such as its objectives, scope, deliverables, constraints, and assumptions. Statements help set clear expectations and guide project execution.

Subscription

In software and business, a subscription is a pricing model in which users pay a recurring fee (monthly, yearly, or for a custom period) to access a product or service.

Subscrption Type

A Subscription Type defines the duration and conditions of access to a service or product. For example, a 90-day subscription allows users to access the service for 90 days from the activation date, after which they must renew or extend it.

Subscription Type

Common Subscription Types by Duration

1. Short-Term Subscriptions

   • 7 days (weekly)

   • 30 days (monthly)

   • 90 days (quarterly)

2. Long-Term Subscriptions

   • 6-month (semi-annual)

   • 1-year (annual)

   • Lifetime (one-time payment for permanent access)

Subscription Renewal Types

• Auto-Renewal: Automatically renews after 90 days unless canceled.

• Manual Renewal: Users must manually renew after 90 days.

• One-Time Access: No renewal, expires after 90 days.

System

It is JFW or service, an object without a specified Brand.